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@eine tes-trs geirrt @finer JAMES B. lEWELL, OFV BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

Letters Patent No. 7,860, dated August 20, 1867.'

' IMPROVEMENT IVN SEEDING-CULTIVATOR.

TO, ALL WHOM IT MAYV CONCERN: d

Be it known that I, JAMES B. EW'ELL, of the eityof Baltimore, and State of Maryland, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Seeding-Cultivators, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which make partlof this specification, and in which- I Figure 1 represents a plan or top'view, and iFigure 2 a side elevation of my improved machine. i It is the object of lny invention, to plough the ground, sow the seed, and roll the surface smooth bya single passage of the 'machine over'the field, and my improvement consists in a novel methodvof combining the devices for effecting this'object, as hereinafter explained.

To carry out my invention I mount a strong, rectangular fra-me, A, upon two wheels B, turningon an axle in the rear of the frame, and upon two smaller supporting-wheels C, forming a 'truck capable of turning freely under the frame, so as to turn the frame short round when reouired. The wheels C are mounted on an axle, D. A tongue, E, projects from this axle, and is sti'enedby braces e. The rear end of the tongue projects back of the axle, and is provided with aneye into which o: hook, a, on the under side of the frame takes, which arrangement allows the truck readily to be detached when required. When a roller is required, two semiacylinders, B',

- are placed between the hind wheels, 'and secured `to them in` any well-known way. A seat, F, for thedriveris mounted on a cross-beam, A', in front of the hind wheels. l A rock-shaft, G, is arranged diagonally across the frame, being controlled by a lever, H, taking into'a segment-raclc, I, on the frame. Wipers or cams J' ou the' rock-shaft work in loops K on a diagonal beam, L, moving vertically iu guides-M on the frame. A series of ploughs, N, is securedv in any well-known .way tol legsO pivoted to projections Zunder the beam L, so .as to permit them to play freely back and forth. y The ploughs are' held in proper position by dragbars l?, pivoted to the frontcross-bar of the frame A. The bars may be connected to their standards by' pinswhich will break when an obstruction is encountered, and thus prevent injury to the .ploughs A feed-hopper,R, is arranged diagonally across the frame in front of the rock-shaft. Arotating feedcylindcr, S, isarranged beneath' this hopper, and provided with holes in.its perimeter, in which the seeds fall from the hopper, and are dropped in the usual way. This cylinderis rotated by a bevel-wheel, T, 'on the axle of the wheels B, which bevel-wheel drives a corresponding pinion, W, on `the cylinder-shaft. The 'pinion slides freely endwise on the shaft, but is kept from turning'independently of it by a. -clutchand feather." 'The mechanism is thrown into and out of gear byeI shipping lever, V, pivoted on the frame, thehandleof which extends up to the drivers seat, while the lower end is forked and embraces a collar on the pinion, l -4 The operation of my improved machine 4will readily be understood from the foregoing description., .For sowingin drills the hopperis filled, and theV cylinder thrown' into gear, and the ploughs lowered into the ground to the depth desired for the furrow.. As themachineadvances each plough opens a furrow, into which the seed is dropped from the cylinder. Besides opening a furroweach plough covers the seed dropped in the furrow made by therplough' in advance of it. The roller smooths the surface, breaking up clods, &c. For broadcast sowing the ploughs are lifted out of the ground and anapron placed in front of them, on which the seeds fall from the cylinder and are scattered. Y l

The ploughs'may be made removableorreversible, and can .be so arranged as to throw the earth to or from theplants, as required.' For tall crops the centre plough may be removed.

When it is desired to use the roller only the plbughs ca n be lifted out of the ground, and when a cultivator onlyV is wanted the semi-cylinders forming the roller can be separated from the hind wheels. The. truck can alsobe used separately for many useful purposes.

It will thus be seen that my'invention gives. the farmer a truck, a. roller, a cultivatonand a seeding machine, all combined in a Single machine, and each operating e'eetrively either singly or in combination with the others.

' Having thus describedmy improved' machine, what I claim therein as new, and desire tosecure .by Letters 1. The detachable swivelling front truck, constructed and combined with the frame, as described.

2. The combination, substantially as described, with the main frame,of the diagonally-arranged ploughs, having drag-bars of varying lengths.

sneso 2 3. The combination, substantially as described, of 4the diagonally-arranged rocking-lever and cams with the vertically-moving plough-*beam L.

- 4. The combination, as described, of the diagonally-arranged hopper` and feed-cylinder with the frame.

5. The combination of the diagonal seeding-cylinder, the driving-gear, and the shipping mechanism, with the main frame and drivers seat, as and for the purpose desciibed. i i

G. The combination, substantially inthe mannei' described, in a seeding-cultivator of a seed-hooper, a feedingcylinder, and a series of plougl1s, all arranged diagonally to the path of the machine.

7. The combination, substantially in tbe manner described, of the leading truck, the cultivating mechanism, the seeding mechanism, and the roller. i

In testimonyV whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

. JAMES B. EWELL. Witnesses:

G. E. SANGsToN,

H', A. EMMONS, Jr. i 

